Introduction to Wearable devices, wireless personal networks, wireless communications and mobile devices. Continuation

This article is a continuation of the article Introduction to the Wearable devices, Personal networks wireless, wireless communications and mobile devices. The two articles are very similar, The devices and the way of expressing themselves change.

1. Wearables

They have been in fashion for a long time and we hear about wearable devices. We suggest that you read the articles from the blog and look for features about a current smartwatch device on the market. Put special emphasis on products related to people's well-being and health.

In order to carry out this exercise, I have carried out a search for the smartwatches that exist today in the world. market (which are not few). I have been able to find a large quantity with different characteristics each of them, but finally, I have decided on what I considered a better final product. The ASUS VivoWatch smartwatch is the first wearable device from ASUS, and is primarily dedicated to maintaining the user's fitness and well-being with functions such as fitness and heart rate monitoring. This device designed so that users can develop a healthier lifestyle, in addition, it has 10 days of autonomy and an app that It will make it easier to read the progress achieved. The ASUS VivoWatch is a device that provides relevant information with the aim that users can lead a healthier lifestyle. Includes monitoring of the heart rate, sleep tracking, and an easy-to-understand happiness index. Designed with the intended to be used daily without attracting attention and meets the IP67 water resistance standard, which allows shower with it on.

Listed below are some of the most important technical features of this wearable.

Screen: Resolution 128 x 128 Reduced consumption CorningGorillaGlass 3
Sensors: 3 axis accelerometer; Optical heart rate sensor powered by ASUS VivoPulseUV Sensor
Bluetooth: Bluetooth 4.0
Synchrony: Automatic with the ASUS HiVivo app
Consumption: Up to 10 days of autonomy (regular use). Charging time: 1-2 hours
Water resistance: IP67
Strap: 22mm (standard)
Weight: 50 grams

The ASUS HiVivo mobile application and the ASUS Healthcare website complete the set of functionalities so that the user can achieve the desired shape and monitor family members who also have an ASUS VivoWatch.

Some of the characteristics that were most attractive to me, especially for their orientation towards well-being and people's health, were the following.

CONTINUOUS HEART RATE MONITORING

Thanks to VivoPulse technology, an optical sensor continuously tracks your heart rate without the need to wear a belt around the torso. Heart rate information is cross-referenced with other data such as sex and age, in order to suggest the intensity at which the user should perform the exercise and develop your heart health.During exercise, the VivoWatch's LED indicator provides continuous information on the effectiveness of the same. Once the user reaches the aerobic work zone (the level of cardiovascular work at which burn calories, strengthen the heart and build endurance) the LED will illuminate green to make let the user know that they are working at the appropriate intensity. If the intensity is too high, the LED will turn to light up red.

ACTIVITY AND SLEEP TRACKING

By tracking heart rate, VivoPulse technology also allows the VivoWatch Calculate the total amount of calories burned. While the user sleeps, VivoWatch counts the hours of sleep, heart rate and movement. And in the morning, you can check how much you slept and the quality of your rest.

GENERAL WELL-BEING

ASUS VivoWatch incorporates a well-being indicator called Happiness Index (HI). Based on physical activity and quality of rest, this numerical indicator provides an easy-to-understand summary of how healthy your sleep style is. of user life.

TOOLS FOR PERSONAL AND FAMILY CARE

ASUS VivoWatch syncs with the ASUS HiVivo smartphone app or the ASUS Healthcare website, allowing the user to access exercise history, the quality of their rest and see progress. Furthermore, The user will be able to access the information of their family and friends who have an ASUS VivoWatch, and take a active role in motivating you to achieve your health and wellness goals.

Look up information about pervasive computing and explain very briefly (5 lines) the idea behind it. this concept.

An easy way to understand what the concept of Pervasive Computing is, would be to say that It deals with the integration of computing in the person's environment, that is, an incorporation of microprocessors in everyday objects so that they can communicate information. Among the technologies used are wearable computers (like clothes, wearables), smart homes and buildings.

2. Wireless Personal Networks (WPAN)

The IEEE 802.15 working group defines the standards for WPANs. Go to the web resource and indicate 3 active work groups. Additionally, list the most used WPAN technologies and describe three of them. They are an example of application. (very briefly).

After looking at all the IEEE 802.15 working groups for WPAN, I have chosen the following groups assets:

Working Group 8: This class defines PHY and MAC mechanisms for Wireless Personal Area Networks. (WPAN). This class is known as Peer Aware Communications (PAC). PAC is optimized for infrastructures communications peer to peer with fully distributed coordination.
Working Group 7: This class has been created to adapt to the wavelengths ultraviolet and near-infrared, in addition to visible light, and adds options such as camera communications optics, LED-ID and LiFi.
Working Group 10: The final work of this product is the generation of a practice Recommended for routing packets in dynamically changing 802.15.4 wireless networks.

The most used WPAN technologies are:

Bluetooth: connection between mobile device and car
Zigbee: home automation, such as controlling electric awnings and blinds
Infrared: Infrared is used in night vision equipment when the amount of visible light is insufficient to see objects

Look for information about RFID systems based on ISM technology and others based on UHF technology. indicate a difference between the two systems. (Maximum length: half a page)

RFID (acronym for Radio Frequency IDentification, in Spanish radio frequency identification) is a system of remote data storage and retrieval using devices called tags, cards, transponders or RFID tags. The fundamental purpose of RFID technology is to transmit the identity of an object (similar to a number serial number) using radio waves. International regulation specifies that RFID equipment use the band of free use ISM (“Industrial, Scientific and Medical”) frequencies for UHF, as occurs with other technologies (WiFi, Bluetooth). However, this is one of the worldwide compatibility problems of the technology, since that within this band, for the UHF frequency there are different ranges allowed by the different entities regulatory nationals. The international unification of the frequencies to be used or the development of readers and “Multi-band” labels will be necessary so that the technology can be used throughout the world without problems of compatibility.ISM bands are radio bands reserved internationally for the use of radio frequencies, whose energy is used for industrial, scientific and medical purposes, unlike other telecommunications. The UHF bands, on the other hand, are designated for radio frequencies with a range between 300 MHz and 3 GHz. These radio waves radio are used for television broadcasting, cell phones, satellite communication, including GPS, personal radio services such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, walkie-talkies, cordless phones and many other applications.Radio waves with frequencies above the UHF band belong to the SHF group (frequency very high) and those with lower frequencies belong to the VHF group (very high frequency).

3. Wireless communications

Select a type of wireless communication for each type of application. Briefly explain your answers.

Convert your mobile phone into a graphics tablet: in this type of communications, the distance between the devices It will be quite short, so I consider that using Bluetooth would be the most appropriate.
Mobile payment system to replace credit card payment in a physical store: it is becoming increasingly popular NFC technology is most widely used to make payments from the mobile device, since this type of Communication allows two devices placed a few centimeters apart to exchange data and information.
Application to indicate the position (latitude, longitude), in an area without 3G or 4G coverage: the use of GPS is used worldwide to indicate the positions of different objects in different places.
Text chat system: the use of 3G technology would be more than enough, since it allows you transfer data in an easy and fast way.
Videoconferencing system: Wireless is the most used telecommunications for, among other types of communications, data communication.
Connect a SmartWatch with your mobile: as mentioned above, communications via Bluetooth They are used to connect devices over a not very long distance (up to 10 meters), and in this specific case a longer distance would not be needed, so it would be the perfect solution.

Read the following article about VLC (Visible Light Communications) and briefly describe it (maximum 5 lines) of How could geopositioning be achieved in indoor spaces with this technology?

Visible Light Communications (VLC) or Visible Light Communications are a form of communications. optics that has been researching for more than 100 years and is based on transmitting data at frequencies between 400 and 800 THz (visible spectrum) in open space. Until now, speeds of about 10 Kbps had been achieved using lamps fluorescents, but thanks to LED technology, VLC communications are ready to take center stage, especially everything in our homes, since speeds high enough to be useful are being reached in commercial applications.This technology has numerous advantages, such as that it does not saturate the part of the spectrum currently used by other systems such as WiFi. However, it has the disadvantage of its short range. (about 5 meters) and coverage cuts when objects come between the receiver and the transmitter. Despite Therefore, VLC seems like it could have interesting applications inside our homes, to communicate our many and varied devices. For example, it would be possible that the lamps in our rooms They acted as a hotspot to offer us immediate Internet access. VLC technology needs to be implemented with an algorithm that interprets the images generated by the system and of course a lighting system of reference as a means of communication. VLC can be used in buildings, subways and even in hospitals where prohibits radio frequency. Compared to conventional lighting devices such as lamps incandescent and fluorescent, LED is more advantageous considering long life expectancy, high tolerance to Environmental risks and low operating voltage, low power consumption and lighting dissipation rating of heat.

4. Mobile devices

One of the most important features of a mobile device is the ROM. Briefly explain what your main function and look for information on how to flash the ROM on an Android device.

Read-only memory, also known as ROM (read-only memory), is a means of storage used in computers and electronic devices, which allows only the reading of the information and not its writing, regardless of the presence or absence of a power source. Data stored in ROM is not They can be modified, or at least not quickly or easily. If we want to update the ROM memory of our Android device, we will have to follow the following steps:

Download the ROM that is already installed, in the phone's internal memory or on an SD card.
enter the device's recovery mode
Wipe data/factory reset, enter and accept
Wipe cache partition, enter and accept
access the advanced section->Wipe dalvik cache, enter and accept
Install zip from SD card-> Choose zip from SD card-> and select our ROM
Reboot (from the main recovery menu)

Indicate the main types of batteries available for mobile devices. On the other hand, there are commercial devices that incorporate wireless charging (battery) systems. indicate some device that offers this functionality and briefly describe its operation (Maximum extension: medium page).

A battery is a container of chemicals that transmits electrons and has two poles, one positive and the other negative.Batteries used today for medical devices are:

Lithium batteries: they are the most recent on the mobile phone market and the only ones used currently.
Ni-MH batteries: the unusual technology of Ni-MH allows the storage of much more energy. Typically, It manages to store around 30% more energy than a Ni-Cd of the same size. They have currently fallen into disuse
Ni-Cd batteries: these batteries are completely out of use. These batteries lose life time as they they are loading.

In recent years there has been a lot of talk about wireless charging, specifically wireless charging for mobile devices. But although it is less known, today there are many devices that can charge of your battery wirelessly. An example of this is electric vehicles, which can be charged wirelessly. Wireless electric vehicle charging (WEVC), It has two main types of systems:

Static or stationary systems: they would be used while the vehicle is parked, both at home and at the public road.
Dynamic systems: their objective is to charge a vehicle while it is in motion.

WEVC technology uses magnetic resonance to couple energy from a Base Charging Unit (Base Charging Unit). Charging Unit - BCU) to a Vehicle Charging Unit (VCU). Energy is transferred by magnetic coupling medium and used to charge car batteries.

How to evaluate wearables today

A modern wearable should not be judged only by screen size or battery life. The important questions are whether the sensors are reliable enough for the use case, how the device handles health data, whether Bluetooth Low Energy is stable in daily use and how clearly the app explains permissions, alerts and data sharing.

For wellness products, the best approach is to treat measurements as trends rather than medical diagnoses unless the manufacturer has explicit clinical validation. Heart-rate, sleep and activity data are useful when they help the user notice habits, but the interface should avoid pretending to be a doctor.